State of abnormally elevated or irritable mood, arousal, and/or energy levels ManiaOther namesManic syndrome, manic episodeGraphical representation of mania andMania, also known as manic syndrome, is a state of elevated arousal, and energy level, or 'a state of heightened overall activation with enhanced affective expression together with lability of affect.' Although mania is often conceived as a 'mirror image' to, the heightened can be either or irritable; indeed, as the mania intensifies, irritability can be more pronounced and result in or.The symptoms of mania include elevated mood (either euphoric or irritable), and, increased energy, decreased need and desire for sleep,. They are most plainly evident in fully developed states. However, in full-blown mania, they undergo progressively severe exacerbations and become more and more obscured by other signs and symptoms, such as delusions and fragmentation of behavior. Contents.Causes and Diagnosis Mania is a syndrome with multiple causes. Although the vast majority of cases occur in the context of, it is a key component of other psychiatric disorders (such as, bipolar type) and may also occur secondary to various general medical conditions, such as; certain medications may perpetuate a manic state, for example; or substances prone to abuse, especially stimulants, such as.

In the current, hypomanic episodes are separated from the more severe full manic episodes, which, in turn, are characterized as either mild, moderate, or severe, with certain diagnostic criteria (e.g., ). Mania is divided into three stages: hypomania, or stage I; acute mania, or stage II; and delirious mania , or stage III. This 'staging' of a manic episode is useful from a descriptive and differential diagnostic point of view.Mania varies in intensity, from mild mania to delirious mania, marked by such symptoms as disorientation, florid, incoherence,.

Standardized tools such as and can be used to measure severity of manic episodes. Because mania and hypomania have also long been associated with and artistic talent, it is not always the case that the clearly manic/hypomanic bipolar patient needs or wants medical help; such persons often either retain sufficient self-control to function normally or are unaware that they have 'gone manic' severely enough to or to. Manic persons often can be mistaken for being under the influence of.Classification Mixed states. Main article:In a, the individual, though meeting the general criteria for a (discussed below) or manic episode, experiences three or more concurrent symptoms. This has caused some speculation, among clinicians, that mania and depression, rather than constituting 'true' polar opposites, are, rather, two independent axes in a unipolar—bipolar spectrum.A mixed affective state, especially with prominent manic symptoms, places the patient at a greater risk for completed. On its own is a risk factor but, when coupled with an increase in energy and goal-directed activity, the patient is far more likely to act with violence on impulses.Hypomania.

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Main article:Hypomania, which means 'less than mania', is a lowered state of mania that does little to impair function or decrease quality of life. It may, in fact, increase productivity and creativity. In hypomania, there is less need for sleep and both goal-motivated behaviour and metabolism increase.

Some studies exploring brain metabolism in subjects with hypomania, however, did not find any conclusive link; while there are studies that reported abnormalities, some failed to detect differences. Though the elevated mood and energy level typical of hypomania could be seen as a benefit, true mania itself generally has many undesirable consequences including suicidal tendencies, and hypomania can, if the prominent mood is irritable as opposed to euphoric, be a rather unpleasant experience. In addition, the exaggerated case of hypomania can lead to problems. For instance, trait-based positivity for a person could make him more engaging and outgoing, and cause him to have a positive outlook in life. When exaggerated in hypomania, however, such a person can display excessive optimism, grandiosity, and poor decision making, often with little regard to the consequences.

Associated disorders A single manic episode, in the absence of secondary causes, (i.e., substance use disorders, pharmacologics, or general medical conditions) is often sufficient to diagnose. May be indicative of. Manic episodes are often complicated by delusions and/or hallucinations; and if the psychotic features persist for a duration significantly longer than the episode of typical mania (two weeks or more), a diagnosis of is more appropriate. Certain disorders as well as share the suffix '-mania,' namely,. Despite the unfortunate association implied by the name, however, no connection exists between mania or and these disorders.Furthermore, evidence indicates a can also cause symptoms characteristic of mania and psychosis.can produce similar symptoms to those of mania, such as agitation, elevated mood, increased energy, hyperactivity, sleep disturbances and sometimes, especially in severe cases, psychosis.